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AD 1758
l¨j-Y¢-j¤-l¢-Y¡«-J¥t-g-j¢-µ
h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½ j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨Ê gj-X-J¡-k-h¡-X¤®- ©c¡-l-k¢¨k- Oj¢-±Y-J¡-k«,- J¦-Y¬-h¡-i¢-
ds-º¡v h¡t·¡-ß-lt-½-i¤-¨T- h¤u-L¡-h¢- j¡-h-lt-½-j¡-Q¡l¢-¨Ê Aɬ-J¡-k«,- AY¡-i-Y®-
i¤-l-j¡-Q¡-l¡-i -h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½-i¢-©k-´¤®- Ab¢-J¡-j« ¨¨Jh¡-s¤-¼ M¶-h¡-X¤®©c¡-l-k¢v-
O¢-±Y£-J-j¢-´-¨¸T¤-¼-Y®.- hp¡-j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨Ê d¤-±Y-c¡-i dÅ-c¡gu YØ¢ h´-·¡-i lr¢
Yc¢-´¡-X® j¡-Q¬¡-lJ¡-m«- J¢-©¶-Ù-¨Y-¼®- l¡-a¢-´¤-J-i¤«,- Ac¤-Qu -j¡-hu-Y-Ø¢-i¤-©T-i¤«-
±d-f-k-j¡-i- Hj¤-l¢-g¡-L« -c¡-it- ±d-h¡-X¢-h¡-j¤-©T-i¤«- d¢u-f-k-©·¡-¨T -h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½-i®¨´-Y¢-j¡-i¢
Dd-Q¡-d-¹w -o«-M-T¢-¸¢-´¤-J-i¤«- ¨O-à¤-¼¤.- h¡t-·¡-ßlt-½-i¤-¨T- gj-X-J¡-k-·¤«-
AY¢-c¤-h¤u-d¤« F¶¤-l£-¶¢v-d¢-¾-h¡-j¤w-¨¸-T¤-¼ Hj¤ l¢-g¡-L« ±dh¡-X¢-h¡t- j¡-Q-d-È-·¢-¨c-Y¢-j¡-i¢-
Bg¬-É-j±d-©È¡-g-X-¹w- o«-M-T¢-¸¢-µ-Y¢-c®- Oj¢-±Y-©jK-J-q¤-Ù¤®.- 2 Y¢-Jº j¡-Q¬-Y-±É-Ñ-Y-i¤«
-B-Å-l£-j¬-l¤«- Ab¢-J¡-j-m¢-i¤«- ¨J¡-Ù¤®h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½ Y¨Ê m±Y¤-´-q¤-¨T ot-lc¡-m«-
lj¤-·¢-g-j-X«- o¤-Ì¢-j-h¡-´¤-¼-·¢-j¤-l¢-Y¡«-J¥t- Oj¢-±Y-·¢-¨k Hj¤ o¤-±d-b¡-cM-¶-h¡-X¤®.-
Cª-O-j¢-±Y-l-oí¤-J-q¡-X® Y¨Ê-©c¡-lk¢-¨Ê- ©J-±z-b¡-j-i¡-i¢- o¢.-l¢.-j¡-hu-d¢-¾
-o§£-J-j¢-µ¢-j¢-´¤-¼-Y®.- Cª ±d-b¡-c-J-Z-i®¨´¡¸«-Y-¨¼- J¡-kç-c¢-J Dd-J-Z-J-q¤«-
©J¡t-·¢-X´¢-i¢-¶¤-Ù¤®.
d-Õ-lu-J¡-¶¢v- AY¢-a£-c-c¡-i¢-
jÇ-l¤-¨h¡-k¢¸¢-µ¤- J¢-T-´¤-¼-H-j¤ i¤-l¡-l¢-¨c Al-Y-j¢-¸¢µ¤-¨J¡-Ù¤®- ©c¡-lv-
Bj«-g¢-´¤-¼¤.- i¡-a¦-Ö¢-J-h¡-i¢ Al¢-¨T-¨i-·¢-i Hj¤ J¥¶« l¢-O¢-±Y -©l-n-b¡-j¢-Jw-
B AÑ¡-Y i¤-l¡-l¢-¨c jÈ¢-´¤-¼¤.- Cª- o«-g-l«- Jr¢-º® jÙ¤ -lt-n-·¢-c¤-©m-n-h¡-X¤®-
JZ- Y¤-T-¹¤-¼-Y®. -©l-n-±d-P-¼-j¡-i¢ cT-´¤¼ i¤-l-j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨c-i¤« -A-c¤-O-ju-
dj-©h-m§-ju-d¢-¾-©i-i¤«- ©l-k¤-J¤-s¤¸¢-¨Ê ©c-Y¦-Y§-·¢-k¤-¾ YØ¢-i¤-¨T gT-Á¡t
B±J-h¢-´¤-¼¤.- lr¢-i¢v- JÙ Hj¤ O¡-¼¡-¨Ê op¡-i-©·¡-¨T B±J-h-X-·¢v- c¢-¼®
Y¡v-´¡k¢-J-h¡-i¢- Alt- jÈ-¨¸-¶¤.- Y¤-Tt-¼® Alt -h¡-©Æ¡-i¢-´v- L¦-p-·¢v-
Ag-i« ©Y-T¤-¼¤-¨lÆ¢-k¤«- ©l-k¤-J¤-s¤-¸¤«- J¥-¶-j¤« Al¢-¨T-i¤« d¢É¤-Tt-¨¼-·¤-¼¤.-
A±d-Y£-È¢-Y-h¡-i¢ O¡-¼¡u -±d-Y¬-È-¨¸-¶®- Ao¡-h¡-c¬-l£-j¬«- ±d-J-T¢-¸¢-µ® -j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨c-i¤«
hפ« jÈ¢-µ® hs-i¤-¼¤.
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©c¡-l-k¢-¨k-
J¡-kç-c¢-J-±d-X-i-J-Z-i¢-¨k
c¡-i¢J-i¡-i d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢-i¤-¨T
l£-T¡-X¤®- ¨O-Ø-J-©mãj¢.-J-r-´¥-¶-·®- D±Lu-d¢-¾-i¤-¨T- hJ-q¡i d¡s¤-´¤-¶¢-i¤«-
Al-q¤-¨T A½ J¡t-·¬¡-i-c¢-i-½i¤«- AÔ-¨Ê hj-X-·¢-c¤-©m-n« J¡t-·¬¡-ic¢-i-½-i¤-¨T
o©p¡-a-j-c¡-i ¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢ h¥-·d¢-¾-i¤-¨T J¥-¨T-i¡-X® Y¡-h-o«.- Ac-É-d-Åc¡-g-¨c-¼,-
Jq¢-J¥-¶¤-J¡-j-c¤«- ±d¡-X-±d¢-i-c¤-h¡i- c¡-i-Ju- hj¢-µ¤-©d¡-¨i-¼ l¢-n¡-a-·¢-k¡X¤®-
d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢.- JZ-i¢-¨k ±d-b¡-c l¢-¿-c¤« -d-Å-c¡-gu- YØ¢-i¤-¨T l¢-m§-oí-c¤-h¡-i
o¤-z-jàt- F¼ ±f¡-Â-Xu- ¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢v YØ¢-i¤-¨T- o«-f-Ü¡-©k¡-O-c-i¤-h¡-¨i-·¤-¼¤.
- CY¢-c¢-¨T YØ¢-i¤«- o¤-z-j-à-c¤«- ©Ot-¼¤® Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-g-¨Ê- lb-·¢-c¤-·-j-l¡-a¢-
i¤-l-j¡Q¡-l¡-¨X-¼- J¾-´-Z- c¡-¶¢v- ±d-O-j¢-¸¢-´¤¼¤-Ù¤®.-
¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢v-
o«-f-Ü-·¢-c¡-¨i-·¤-¼ YØ¢-©i¡-T® d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢ c£-j-o« ±d-J-T¢-¸¢´¤-¼¤.-
A¼® ¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢v-Y-¹¢-i YØ¢,- j¡-±Y¢-i¢v- Bj¤-h-s¢-i¡-¨Y d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢i¤-¨T
As-i¢v- AY¢-±J-h¢-µ-©¸¡w- ©l-n-±d-P-¼-c¡-i Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-gu YT¤-·¤. AY®A-c-É-d-Å-c¡-g-¨Ê
©±d-Y-h¡-¨X-¼¡-X® YØ¢-i¤-¨T ©Y¡-¼v.- At-Ú-©f¡-b¡-l-Ì-i¢v -Y-c¢-´¤ ±d-Y£-Y-h¡i
B o«-gl« d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢-¨i ©j¡-L¡-Y¤-j-i¡-´¢.
-F-¶¤-l£-¶¢v d¢-¾-h¡t
©i¡-L« ©Ot-¼® i¤-l-j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨c c¢-n®J¡-o¢-Y-c¡-´¢, YØ¢-¨i -j¡-Q¡-l¡-i¢ l¡-r¢-´-X-¨h¼®
Y£-j¤-h¡-c¢-µ¤. Jr-´¥-¶·® ©Ylu l¢-±J-hu-d¢¾ h¡-±Y« -C-Y¢-¨c FY¢t-´¤-¼¤-Ù¤®.-
F¶¤-l£-¶¢v-d¢-¾-h¡-j¢v ±d-h¡-X¢ J¤-T-hx-d¢-¾-i¤-¨T -A-c-É-j-l-q¡i o¤-g-±a,
Y¨Ê oª-z-j¬« ¨J¡-Ù¤«,- f¤-Ú¢-m-J®Y¢ ¨J¡-Ù¤«,- l¢-V®W¢-i¡-i -j¡-hc¡ hU-·¢v
d¢-¾¨i hi´¢ ©i¡-L-j-p-o¬-¹w hc-oæ¢-k¡-´¢. ©i¡-L-Y£-j¤-h¡-c-l¤-h¡-i¢
-©d¡i o¤-z-j-à¨c Hj-Ñ¡-Yu B±J-h¢-´¤-¼¤.
Y-Ø¢-h¡t- o¢«-p¡-o-c«
Ji®´-k-´¡-c¤-¾ ±m-h¹w mJ®Y-h¡-´¢.- j¡-Q-d-È-¨· op¡-i¢-´¡u- dT-i¤-h¡-i¢
-l-¼ h¡-©Æ¡-i¢-´v- J¤-s¤-¸¢-¨c Jr-´¥-¶-·¤-d¢¾ fÜ¢-µ¤.
©j¡-L-Y¤-j-i¡-i
d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢-¨i J¡-X¡-¨c-·¢-i o¤-g-±a -¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢v- cT-¼ Bg-j-X-©h¡-n-X-l¤«-
YØ¢-i¤¨T j¡-±Y¢-l¡-o-l¤«- Y½¢v- fÜ-¨¸-T¤-·¢ O¢-É¢-´¤¼¤.- YØ¢-i¤-¨T d´v
c¢-¼¤ Y¨¼ B o«-g-l-¹-¨q´¤-s¢-µ¤-¾ jp-o¬«- o¤-g-±a hc-oæ¢-k¡-´¢-i-Y¤-¨J¡-Ù¤®,
-A-l-¨q lb¢-´¡u- YØ¢-i¤«- o¤-z-j-à-c¤«- Y£-j¤-h¡-c¢-µ¤. - Jµ-l-T¡-l-m¬-·¢-c¡-i¢-
hX-´¡-T®- d¡-q-i-h-T¢µ dU¡X¢- o«-M-·¢v- ±d-P-¼-c¡-h«- o§£-J-j¢-µ jÙ¤ Y¢-j¤l¢-Y¡«-J¥-s¤-J¡-j¤«-
DÙ®.- n«-o¤-V¢-c¤«- f£-s¡«-K¡-c¤« -B-X¢-lt.
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¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢-¨k-
Bi¤-b-¸¤-j-´¡-lv-´¡-j-c¡-i mƤl¡-m¡-c¢v- c¢-¼¤«,- d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢-´¤®- o«-f-Ü¡-©k¡-O-c
-c-T-¼ a¢-l-o«- j¡-±Y¢ ©l-n-±d-P-¼-c¡-i Hj¡w l¼¢-j¤¨¼-¼®- o¤-g-±a hc-oæ¢-k¡-´¤-¼¤.-
dU¡-X¢-¸¡-q-i-·¢©k-´¤®- a§¢-g¡-n¢-i®´¤®- Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-g-c-¨Ê P¡-ii¤-¨Ù¼ Bm¡-¨Ê
o«-m-i« Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-gu hj¢-µ¢¶¢-¨¿-¼- o¤-g-±a-i¤-¨T- l¢-m§¡-o«- Ds-¸¢-´¤-¼¤.-
l¢-n« -¨J¡-T¤-·®- o¤-g-±a-¨i lb¢-´¡u- YØ¢ cT-·¢i ±m-h« -d-j¡-Q-i-¨¸-¶¤.-
o¤-z-j-à-¨Ê g¡-j¬ Bc-z-·¢v- c¢-¼¤ -J¢-¶¢-i o¥-O-c-J-q¢v- c¢-¼®- Bg-j-X«- ©h¡-né¢-µ-Y®
-o¤-z-j-à-c¡-¨X¼® ©f¡-b¬-h¡-J¤-¼¤.
i¤-l-j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨c
lb¢-´¡u- ©l-k¤-´¤-s¤-¸® cT-·¢-i ±m-h« o¤-g-±a-i¤-¨T g¦Y¬u- mÆ-j-µ¡t- YT¤-´¤-¼¤.-
¨O-Ø-J-©mãj¢ As-i¢v AT-i®´-¨¸¶ O¡-¼¡¨c-i¤«- h¡-©Æ¡-i¢-´v J¤-s¤-¸¢-¨c-i¤« d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢
o§-Y-±É-j¡-´¢. O¡-¼¡u -©l-n-±d-P-¼-c¡i Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-g-c¡-¨X¼® d¡-s¤-´¤-¶¢-´¤®
hc-oæ¢-k¡-i¢.O¡-¼¡-c¤-h¡-i¤-¾ Gפ-h¤-¶-k¢v- ©l-k¤-´¤-s¤-¸® ¨J¡-¿-¨¸-¶-Y¤«-
o¤-g-±a-i¤-¨T c¢t-©À-m-·¡v -o¤-z-j-à-¨Ê l£-T® ¨J¡-¾-i-T¢-´-¨¸-¶-Y¤«- j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨Ê
±d-l¦-·¢-J-q¡-¨X¼® YØ¢-i¤« J¥-¶j¤«- B©j¡-d¢-µ®- Qc-©j¡-È-h¢-q-´¤-¼¤.-
Bg¬-É-j-J-k¡-d« h¥t-Ú-c¬¡-l-Ì-i¢-k¡i oztg-·¢v- Y¨¼ c¡-T¤-l¡-r¤-¼ hp¡-j¡-Q¡-l®
hj¢-µ¤.- i¤-l-j¡-Q¡-l¢-¨c-Y¢-¨j ±d-Y¬-È-i¤-Ú« -o«-M-T¢-¸¢-´¡-c¤-¾ m±Y¤-d-È-·¢-¨Ê
Y£-j¤-h¡-c« o¤-g-±a h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½-¨i As¢-i¢-µ® -A-l-¨j L¥-W-h¡-i¢ jÈ-¨¸-T¤-·¤-¼¤.-
Al-¨j YT-i¤¼ Y¢-j¤-h¤-K-·¤-d¢-¾-©i¡-T® A©À-p·¢-¨Ê hJu Ac-É-d-Å-c¡-gu hj¢-µ¢-¶¢-¨¿¼
l¡t-· o¤-g-±a As¢-i¢-µ¤. Y¡-c¡-X¤® -o¤-g-±a-i¤-¨T AÔ-¨c¼ jp-o¬« Y¢-j¤-h¤-K-·¤-d¢¾
¨l-q¢-¨¸-T¤-·¢.
h-X-´¡-T®- lµ¤-
cT¼ Gפ-h¤-¶-k¢v- hp-½-a£-i-j¤-¨T op¡-i-©·¡-¨T -h¡t-·¡-ß-lt-½,- YØ¢-©i-i¤«-
F¶¤-l£-¶¢v-¸¢-¾-h¡-¨j-i¤«- YT-l¢-k¡´¢.-¨O-Ø-J-©mã-j¢-i¢v- oh¡-L-h-·¢-¨Ê- Bpë¡-a-b§-c¢-i¤-it-¼¤.
F¼¡v- o¤-g-±a-i®´¤ kg¢-µ-Y® A½¡-lu J¤-T-hx-d¢-¾-i¤-¨T l¡-q¡-k¤-¾ -h-j-X-h¡-X¤®.-
hj¢-´¤-¼-Y¢-c¤ h¤u-d® f£-s¡«-K¡-¨Ê ©l-n-·¢-k¤¾ Y¨Ê g·¡-l¢-¨c JÙ¤-¨l¼ O¡-j¢-Y¡t-Z¬«-
h¡-±Y« Alw-´¤®- kg¢-µ¤. -C-¹-¨c dj-¨´ o©É¡-n-l¤«- hc-oæ¢-¨Ê ©J¡-X¢-¨k¡-j¤-h¤-s¢-l¤-h¡-i¢
-©c¡-lv Al-o¡-c¢-´¤-¼¤.
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